we need their help a lot.
Lagos — After years of diplomatic
patchwork and foot-dragging, the United States, yesterday, formally
declared war on Boko Haram, classifying the Nigerian-based Al Qaeda
affiliate, a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). The declaration would
make Washington mobilize resources and intelligence to combat the ninth
deadliest terrorist group in the world.
A statement issued by the US State
Department, yesterday, in Washington, said the US government was
invoking Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended,
and section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224 to designate Boko Haram and
Ansaru as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs).
The Federal Government which had hitherto
mounted pressure on the US against taking such action, also issued a
statement through Nigeria’s Ambassador to the US to explain why it
accepted the US classification of Boko Haram and Ansaru as terrorist
groups.
Decision taken November 8, 2013
According to Ambassador Ade Adefuye, the
decision to declare Boko Haram and Ansaru as Foreign Terrorist
Organizations, was taken at a meeting at the State Department on Friday,
November 8, 2013, and they took immediate steps to inform the
authorities in Abuja.
He said: “For the past couple of months,
this embassy successfully countered pressures from religious
organizations and politicians both in Nigeria and the US on the American
government to make this declaration. Our belief then was that the
twin-track approach of enforcement and dialogue adopted by the Nigerian
Government would make Boko Haram see reason. Regrettably, the continued
intransigence of the sect compelled our government to proscribe the
organization on June 4, 2013.”
The Federal government said its earlier
opposition of the designation of Boko Haram and Ansaru as FTOs by the US
was “because of the wider implication and exposure to stringent
measures that such actions will impose on ordinary Nigerians”. But the
State Department said its assistance to Nigeria stresses the importance
of protecting civilians and ensuring that human rights are respected. It
said designation of these groups as FTOs demonstrates U.S. support for
the Nigerian people’s fight against Boko Haram and Ansaru.
Ambassador Adefuye said: “We have taken
note of the statement by host authorities that the latest action is
meant to enhance further co-operation between Nigeria and the US in
tackling this issue. The Government of Nigeria remains committed to
bringing to an end the atrocities of Boko Haram in collaboration with
our foreign partners.”
Activities of the radical Islamic sects
have become worrisome to the United States and other countries that are
uncomfortable with Boko Haram, which has been responsible for the death
of thousands of civilians and security personnel across religious
divides in North-East and central Nigeria since it commenced its
campaign in 2002. Also operating in Nigeria, Ansaru is a Boko Haram
splinter faction that earlier in 2013 kidnapped and executed seven
international construction workers.
Diplomatic sources said the designation
of Boko Haram and Ansaru as FTOs is “an important and appropriate step,
but just a step in a comprehensive approach by the Nigerian government
to counter these groups through a combination of law enforcement,
political, and development efforts, as well as military engagement, to
help root out violent extremism.”
Global FTOs
With this designation, Boko Haram and
Ansaru would be treated like other terrorist organizations like
Hezbollah, Salafis movement or Al-Qaeda, Al- Shabbab in the Horn of
Africa, Taliban in Afghanistan, Haqqani in Pakistan and Hamas in the
Middle East, including Mujoa and Ansar Dine in Mali. These are global
networks of jihadist organizations that want to institute orthodox
theocratic states based on Islamic tenets and doctrines. They have
relied on criminal activities such as drug trafficking, arms smuggling
and kidnapping to raise funds for their campaign of terror worldwide.
The United States has been concerned
about the link between Boko Haram and Ansaru and Al-Qaeda in Magreb AQIM
and the Al-Shabaab Islamic sect operating in East Africa from where the
group gets its training and logistics support. Al-Qaeda in The Maghreb
stretches from the North African nations of Algeria, Libya, Egypt,
Sudan, to Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad and
Cameroon and Northern Nigeria.
Implications for Nigeria
The consequences of these FTO and E.O.
13224 designations include a prohibition against knowingly providing, or
attempting or conspiring to provide material support or resources to,
or engaging in transactions with Boko Haram and Ansaru, includes
freezing of all property and interests in property of the organizations
that are in the United States, or come within the United States or the
control of U.S. persons. The Department of State took these actions in
consultation with the Departments of Justice and Treasury.
These designations will assist U.S. and
other law enforcement partners in efforts to share intelligence,
training of security operatives in counter intelligence strategies,
investigation and prosecution of terrorist suspects associated with Boko
Haram and Ansaru.
Security and Intelligence experts said
this declaration would require the US Congress to enact relevant
legislation to back the anti-terrorism campaign in Nigeria. ” There are
also strong beliefs that the US might use its controversial drone
programme to attack leaders of these radical groups which have declared
that they would attack the US and her interests in Nigeria.
Dr. Dan Mou, a retired director in the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Abuja told Vanguard that designation of Boko
Haram and Ansaru as Foreign Terrorist Organisations means that America
will now treat Nigeria as a terrorist country and Nigerians travelling
to the US, would be singled out for special attention. It would mean
that Nigerians applying to travel to US would face a stringent visa
regime.”
Special security scrutiny
Foreign Affairs Ministry sources further
told Vanguard that “the classification affects members of Boko Haram
sect would of course, affect innocent Nigerians while the issue of who
is innocent is purely subjective so we as citizens of Nigeria will have
to pay the price.”.
Vanguard learnt that Nigerians who have
visited countries like Indonesia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Algeria,
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mali, Libya, Niger, Yemen, and
Chad where Al-Qaeda and its affiliates are known to operate are marked
out for special security scrutiny in the United States.
Among its most lethal attacks, Boko Haram
carried out indiscriminate attacks in Benisheikh, Nigeria in September
2013 that killed more than 160 innocent civilians, including women and
children. Boko Haram has also conducted attacks against international
targets, including a suicide bombing of the United Nations building in
Abuja on August 26, 2011, that killed 21 people and injured dozens more,
many of them aid workers supporting development projects across
Nigeria.
Ansaru’s attacks have focused on Nigerian
military and Western targets. In November 2012, Ansaru raided a police
station in Abuja, killing Nigerian police officers and freeing detained
terrorists from prison. Also in January 2013, Ansaru attacked Nigerian
security services when its members ambushed a convoy of Nigerian
peacekeepers. Ansaru has also conducted several kidnappings of
foreigners living and working in Nigeria.
Nigeria-US relations
Ambassador Adefuye further said that the
action of the US State Department would not affect relations between the
two countries negatively. He said “The Embassy wishes to assure
American investors and tourists that our country remains a favourite
destination for investors and tourists”.
He said “Every nation has its security
challenges in one section of its geographical entity. The threat of Boko
Haram exists in some parts of the 36 states of Nigeria.
According to the envoy, there are “many
American investors who are presently in Nigeria and we have received
firm assurances from the host authorities that the declaration is only
to speed up the process of ending Boko Haram atrocities. The intensity
of US-Nigeria relations will not in any way be adversely affected: The
Nigeria-US Bi-National Commission will continue to be implemented with
vigour. Our citizens will not be subjected to unnecessary harassment at
Immigration border posts. The economic, social and political ties with
the United States will continue to wax stronger”.